Rhinotracheitis and Calicivirus cause upper respiratory infections in cats of all ages. Rhinotracheitis is also known as Feline Herpes Virus I (FHV I). Our current feline distemper vaccine also contains some strains of rhino and calici to aid in protection against these viruses. Immunity from vaccine is incomplete. Vaccination will shorten the duration and severity of clinical signs, but will not prevent infection. Natural immunity (immunity after infection) is short-lived. Both FHV and FCV are spread by aerosols and secretions when cats are in close contact with each other. FHV can only survive about 18 hours in a humid environment. Calicivirus (FCV) is viable for several days at room temperature. Infective secretions can be on food bowls, surfaces, clothing and hands of caretakers.

The virus infects the epithelium (the surface layer) of the upper respiratory tract, especially the nose, tonsils and conjunctiva causing an intense inflammatory reaction with excess mucous production, sometimes followed by ulceration and secondary bacterial infection. Incubation is 2-10 days.

Clinical signs include sneezing, serous nasal and ocular discharge and fever. Secondary bacterial infection will cause the discharges to become thick and colored. Oral and corneal ulcerations are more common with calicivirus infection.

Chronic carriers of both viruses are common. Many have chronic snuffling. Some have no signs, but intermittently shed virus into the environment.

Treatment is symptomatic, based on the cat's clinical signs. Nursing care is indicated, cleansing of the nares (nasal openings) and eyes often will aid our patients. Fluids may be indicated in certain individuals. Antibiotics aid in treatment and prevention of secondary infection.

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